Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854—1900) was an Irish poet and playwright who became one of the most popular in London during the 1880s and 1890s. Well-known for his sharp wit and extravagant attire, Wilde was a proponent of aestheticism and wrote in a variety of forms including poetry, fiction, and drama. He was famously imprisoned for homosexual acts from 1895 to 1897 and died at the age of 46, just three years after his release. Although...

Thoreau's autobiographical account of his experiment in solitary living, his refusal to play by the rules of hard work and the accumulation of wealth and, above all, the freedom it gave him to adapt his living to the natural world around him.

"In honor of the bicentennial of Henry David Thoreau's birth, this edition of Walden features an introduction and annotations by renowned environmentalist Bill McKibben. 'We need to understand that when Thoreau sat in the dooryard of his cabin 'from sunrise till noon, rapt in a revery, in undisturbed solitude and stillness, while the birds sang around or flitted noiseless through the house,' he was offering counsel and example exactly suited for our...

Henry David Thoreau built his small cabin on the shore of Walden Pond in 1845. For the next two years, he lived there as simply as possible, learning to eliminate the unnecessary material and spiritual details that intrude upon human happiness. Thoreau described his experiences in Walden, using vivid, forceful prose that transforms his reflections on nature into richly evocative metaphors. In a world obsessed with technology and luxury, this American...

Extrait: "C'est un homme difficile à suivre dans les méandres de sa vie pratique que M. de Talleyrand... Cette destinée, se présentant toujours différemment qu'elle ne doit se terminer, a quelque chose d'étrange qui surprend, et empêche quelquefois d'être aussi impartial qu'on le voudrait pour juger un homme dont l'esprit est si supérieur et si remarquable d'agréments, comme homme du monde: c'est qu'il est en même temps homme de parti ;...

Extrait : "Le salon de madame la duchesse de Luynes ne mérita ce nom que vers l'époque o M. de Luynes fut nommé sénateur, qui est la même (1806) que celle o sa belle-fille fut nommé dame du palais de l'Impératrice. Jamais la nouvelle d'une faveur ne produisit d'effet plus différent dans une famille. M. de Luynes, fort peu joyeux de sa nature, témoigna un tel contentement que cela en vint au point de faire faire à ce propos de bruyantes exclamations...

For decades, aesthetics has been subjected to a variety of critiques, often concerning its treatment of beauty or the autonomy of art. Collectively, these complaints have generated an anti-aesthetic stance prevalent in the contemporary art world. Yet if we examine the motivations for these critiques, Michael Kelly argues, we find theorists and artists hungering for a new kind of aesthetics, one better calibrated to contemporary art and its moral and...

Marcel Duchamp is often viewed as an "artist-engineer-scientist," a kind of rationalist who relied heavily on the ideas of the French mathematician and philosopher Henri Poincaré. Yet a complete portrait of Duchamp and his multiple influences draws a different picture. In his 3 Standard Stoppages (1913-1914), a work that uses chance as an artistic medium, we see how far Duchamp subverted scientism in favor of a radical individualistic aesthetic and...

Extrait : "Une des choses les plus étranges de notre Révolution, c'est qu'après ce qu'on vient de lire, après les horreurs qui se commirent encore longtemps après le 9 thermidor, le régime de comité de Salut public et de la Convention aurait duré peut-être bien longtemps, si la division ne s'était pas mise entre ces même gens, qui étaient, après tout, des hommes, bien qu'ils ne parussent que des bêtes, que des bêtes féroces, et les...

Rachel Ablow is associate professor of English at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York. She is the author of The Marriage of Minds: Reading Sympathy in the Victorian Marriage Plot and the editor of The Feeling of Reading: Affective Experience and Victorian Literature. The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of...